Loved the opening sentence (forgive the PDF copy/paste formatting issues):
The anthropogenically driven rise in ½CO2atm is well established(1) but its effect on future climate is less certain (2).
The references are, of course, to IPCC 4. 2007. I think that's the one in which the claim of Himalayan glacier retreat was based on an article from a travel magazine, but I could be wrong - coulda been IPCC 5 or 3 or...
What was interesting to me was the number of times these phrases and words appeared:
"thought to be"
"considered to be"
"probably"
"supports the idea"
"best estimate"
"suggesting"
"may"
Then there's this:
The calculatedSðzÞ values in Table 2 range from 1,000 to 6,000 ppmV,suggesting that the uncertainty in SðzÞ for any one soil is currentlyquite large. Calculating SðzÞ from measurements of the depth tothe soil carbonate horizon (33) may eventually reduce uncertaintyin SðzÞ. However, this technique would benefit from the considerationof all of the factors that influence the depth of carbonatein soils (34) and a calibration in which the SðzÞ values duringcarbonate formation are determined and the depth to carbonateis measured in the same soils.
Followed by this:
Comparison of projected future ½CO2atm (2) with results fromthe recalibrated CO2 paleobarometer (Fig. 2B) indicate atmosphericCO2 may reach levels similar to those prevailing duringthe vegetated Earth’s hottest greenhouse episodes by A.D. 2100.
Translation: The numbers are all over the effing place but if we use a number that we like, our best estimate is we can support the idea of suggesting that we may probably be fucked sooner than even the IPCC thinks.
And they call that science, folks.
Did we read the same article ???
The authors noticed a large discrepancy between paleosol CO2 estimates and those from other sources.
I've actually downloaded some of those data sets and I've taken a look at the CO2 "measurements" and those show large discrepancies indeed.
So the authors decicded to review how CO2 values were estimated from the soils. And they discovered that one of the assumptions that was made about the carbonate precipitation was simply wrong.
The carbonates precipitate only in the warm dry season, not during the wetter season when they may dissolve.
As a result, it's not appropriate to use properties of the soils averaged over the whole year, but it's more appropriate to use the properties of the soil that occur during the dry season.
Then they show that this results in significantly lower CO2 estimates from the soils, and that those are in line with the estimates from other sources.
It's the improved understanding of the precipitation process that brings CO2 estimates "down". It's not some manipulation of the data.
And I had hoped for some respect for researchers. It was too much to hope for
CO2 isn't the only greenhouse gas. Attributing all heating to it alone is incorrect.
Actually it is nearly 100% correct. The other greenhouse gases (H2O, CH4) have very short lifespans and large quantities cannot survive in the atmosphere long enough to make a difference over thousands of years.
Water vapor (H2O) survives for some days, no more: then it returns to the surface as rain or snow. It is not driving temperature by itself.
CH4 survives for about 10 years, then it decays into CO2. To have long-lived effects, this greenhouse gas would require a continuous supply of very very large quantities of CH4. There is no known source of that magnitude.
Only CO2 survives for thousands of years, long enough the influence the climate on geological time scales. It doesn't rain down, it doesn't snow. It only settles slowly as carbonates on the sea floor or is buried slowly in peat wetlands.
H2O also acts as a greenhouse gas as you state, but "only" as a direct feedback mechanism, not on its own. And it's a very important feedback as well although I wouldn't go as far to say that CO2 is negligible... the articles I've read state that the relative contribution of CO2 to H2O is about 1:2.
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2005/04/water-vapour-feedback-or-forcing/