When this happened again, I revealed the fog of war and saw that the Deadly corpse spiders were only clustering around my cities. There was a ravenous harridan army in the middle of nowwhere.
I found the entry for this in CoreRandomEvents.xml, it looks like it's set to occur around turn 100, which, in my opinion, is way too early. No AI had an army above Medium strength.
<TriggerType>TurnNumber</TriggerType>
<TriggerData>100</TriggerData>
I'm changing it to 900.