it might be sufficient penalty for the equipment upgrade to take a season - (more if the equipment would normally add to unit training time like bows)
It would also be good to be able to add further recruits back into a group where individuals have been killed - some form of averaging of experience would seem appropriate for that too.
It may also be more balanced if some of the larger units took more time to train, perhaps an extra season or 2 for the larger units, that would make some of the smaller units still viable late on in the game.