22 cities (can't afford any more): 1 gold mine - 250 turns in, large map, found no others except owned by AI civs. Whatever that Adventure tech was that spawns 1 gold mine (Whoot!!!!), spawned it on the border of an AI civ who expanded and owned it 6 turns later. Sadly they are my allies and in-laws, part of the dowry I guess. Makes the game extraordinarily tedious. Save 6 turns, buy champion a sword, save 6 turns, buy champion a cuirass.... you get the idea. If it wasn't for the, like, 24 guys named Viy parked in various cities, I would be well and truly bankrupt.
Question for the all-knowing Gyb; so maps are not really random, are the starting points (assumed yes)? You have already explained resource distribution, which brings up question 2: are the number and/or type of resources fixed? Are they 'pemanently fixed' wrt map size and distribution level or are they sedmi-randomly generated? Thanks.
I can't speak to any size except for large since I've never really played the others, but assume they are similar. There are I think 4 large maps (it's 3-5 can't remember exactly). Each map has approximately 20 starting points (I'm guessing/estimating here, but there's around twice what is needed for 1 game). Any faction can be spawned at any starting point in any game. All resources are completely random and so are goody huts, with the exception that they are concentrated around where factions start and each one having a fertile land, gold mine, and lost library near by. Also as I've mentioned higher difficulties give the AI more resources around their starting location but the types are random. For example, I had one game where 3 AIs were really close to me, one had 3 Arcane resources in their first city, one had 4 material resources, and the other had 3 lost libraries (they also had fertile land, and an assortment of some other stuff). Ridiculous AIs also get more goody huts than a player does.
All of this can be proven/learned using the Ctrl+U cheat to reveal the map. Just start a game, reveal map, repeat. I did that a couple dozen times on large maps which is why I know this stuff. Haven't bothered with other sizes.
Note: Ctrl+U many times will ruin the sense of exploration and "discovering the world" if you're like me and can easily remember/recognize maps. I still thought they were random when I started and then it was too late.