I don't think you can really make a turn by turn judgment of what start/mid/end game happens. A lot of it varies based on location and happenstance. I think it can also vary from player to play within a game. I think at best, we can use loose definitions.
Start Game: Initial exploration, aggressive and/or relatively unhindered expansion
Early Mid Game: Expansion slows down, increased monster activity relative to size, consolidation of internal terrain and resources.
Late Mid Game: General borders and kingdom size more or less static, and general victory options are possible to consider.
End Game: General power rankings solidify, paths to victory are solidified, and ultimate fates happen.