Food, at least, is not a stockpiled resource.  The food icon at the top of the GUI represents your "excess" food -- in other words, it's how many more huts/houses/whatever you could build.  But the excess unused food just gets thrown away each turn.

As for the gold, I'm not sure.  I can't say I've noticed a mismatch between the displayed number and what I actually get each turn.

Yeah, I've found that sometimes there will be a positive growth number and the amount actually decreases. Usually within a turn or two of watching, things balance out. I'm hoping patch 0 will correctly alot of the wonky things in game. The patch released last night has done wonders in general for the game in terms of performance. It also fixed a few things, but not everythign by far. We'll see if patch 0 will smooth out the math stuff.

Using version 0 (Game day download) and if you click on each city you will see its gross food production.  If you are showing no excess food it means that all of your cities (total) are using up more food than the all of your cities are producing.  For xample 1 farm (4 food) in your capital, and two houses (-2 food) in your capital and two huts (-2 food) in your second city will produce NO EXCESS, so you can't build any more huts or markets.

I don't think that population uses food.  I thihnk that only certain buildings do.  My excess food does not go down unless I build a food-consuming building.