Then there's two possibilities:
1. They think that the lost sales number will be more like 0.01%, which given the cost of integrating and testing a replacement probably wasn't worth worrying about, especially since there wasn't anything during development that did everything Steamworks does. (Reactor is very new, but Stardock could always go pitch it to them.) Given that outside of forums like these you find just as many people saying "I only buy games on Steam" as you do people who say "I refuse to buy games on Steam", I really doubt the lost sales are that big a number for a game this big.
2. Valve gave them a better publishing deal then usual, something like 25% instead of the standard 30%. If that's the case, 2k makes more money off every copy sold on Steam and the extra money will easily make up for any lost sales.
Since anybody selling a really big game has the market clout to try and negotiate with Valve on Steam's cut, there's really nothing out of the ordinary going on.
1. Uh... what? People saying that they only buy on Steam were fine regardless. No one is discussing the idea that Civ V shouldn't be offered on Steam at all.
Anyway, the number of lost sales is probably in the high thousands, low tens of thousands. That's real money.
2. However, the question is, did Valve give them a better deal because it's exclusive? They almost certainly did. This is, de facto, more money in 2K's pocket, and is the same as Valve paying 2K to make it exclusive.
Again, I'm not saying that this is out of the ordinary, I don't know why you persist in trying to cast my comments in that light. This is just ordinary business. The business of screwing the consumer 