Thanks XeronX, for getting all that info. 
I thought I'd just compile the data of of the buildings that I've seen. Someone who can edit the wiki can copy it over there. Although I'm guessing a lot of the later buildings will be changed a lot (as they do not provide benefits equal to their cost, and a lot don't seem to even exist at this time either).
Also, iron output is ridiculously low, which makes it nearly impossible to get metal equipped soldiers on the field at this time.
Hut (level 1 outpost or level 2 village): 3 turns, 50 gold, 4 food, 1 tile
- provides housing for 32 population.
House (requires level 3 town): 3 turns, 50 gold, 4 food, 1 tile
- provides housing for 64 population.
Slum (requires level 3 town): 12 turns, 50 gold, 20 materials, 15 food, 4 tiles, -2 prestiege
- provides housing for 200 population.
Villa : requires level 4 city.
Merchant (level 1 outpost): 3 turns, 5 materials, 1 tile
- provides 1 gold income
Market (level 1 outpost): 5 turns, 100 gold, 50 materials, 4 tiles
- provides 8 gold income.
Bazaar (level 3 town): 4 turns, 50 materials, 1 tile
- provides 1 gold income
Workshop (level 1 outpost): 2 turns, 10 gold, 1 slots
- provides 1 materials/turn
Lumberyard (level 1 outpost): 10 turns, 40 gold, 4 slots
- provides 4 materials/turn
Garden (level 1 outpost): 2 turns, 10 gold, 1 material, 1 tile
- provides 3 food.
Farm (level 1 outpost):
- must be built on fertile land
Wheat Farm (level 1 outpost): 3 turns, 50 gold, 5 materials, 4 tiles
- must be built on wild wheat.
Granary (level 1 outpost): 3 turns, 5 materials, 1 tile
+25% to food production of city.
Temple (level 1 outpost): 3 turns, 25 gold, 5 material, 1 tile
- provides 1 prestige
Town Hall (level 2 village): 5 turns, 50 gold, 5 materials, 1 tile.
- provides 2 prestige.
Palace (level 2 village): 16 turns, 100 gold, 20 materials, 4 tiles.
- can only have 1
- provides 5 prestige, 5 gold income
Study (level 1 outpost): 5 turns, 50 gold, 3 material, 1 tile
- provides 1 research
Library (level 3 town): 4 turns, 50 gold, 50 materials, 1 tile
- can no longer produce studies, must make libraries
- provides 2 research
Town Council (level 3 town): 8 turns, 100 gold, 50 materials, 1 tile
- provides 1 research
Metal Mine
- provides 1 iron/turn
Gold Mine
- provides 8 gold/turn
Missile Weapons, horses/cavalry, and siege foundry units don't currently don't exist.